Privacy News Highlights

16—22 June 2006

Contents:

CA – Privacy Commissioner Tables Annual Report on Federal Privacy Act 2

CA – Privacy Rules Broken at Border, Audit Finds. 2

CA – Require Photo ID to Vote, MPs Urge Elections Canada. 2

US – Site Caters To Children With Privacy, Parental Controls. 2

EU – Commission Vows Swift Action on US Passenger Data. 3

UK – Government Launches New Data Retention Consultation. 3

US – Ohio University Alums, Donors Weigh in on Data Breaches. 3

CA – Light is Dimming on Open Government: Information Commissioner John Reid. 3

US – Privacy Language Urged for Bill to Digitize Federal Employee Health Records. 3

US – Health Diamonds in the (Pandemic) Data. 4

US – AIG Laptop & File Server with Data on 970,000 Stolen. 4

US – ING Laptop With 13,000 DC City Employee Data Stolen. 4

UK – Equifax Says Laptop with Employee Data was Stolen. 4

AU – Report: Australian SmartCard Must Not Become ID Card. 4

UK – ‘Rushed’ ID Card Scheme is a Missed Opportunity, IT Suppliers Warn MPs. 5

CA – B.C. and Washington State Call to Delay Passport Requirement 5

EU – Cross-National Testing of Electronic Passports at ‘Global Summit’ 5

US – Coalition Urges Strong International Privacy Rules. 5

US – Myspace.Com Sued For Failing to Protect Minors. 6

CA – Lawyer: Change Law to Keep Names of Accused Private. 6

US – Police to Receive Student Data for Checks Against Offender List 6

AU – Australia Government Security ‘insufficient’: Auditor-General 6

CA – Rogers, IBM Introduce Encryption e-Mail Service. 6

US – Federal Breaches Spark Security Review Push. 7

US – Tech Giants Lobby Congress for Consumer Privacy Law. 7

US – Sen. Hillary Clinton Says White House Needs Privacy Czar 7

US – Sen. Hillary Clinton Calls for Privacy Legislation to Protect Americans’ Information. 7

CA – Ontario Privacy Commissioner Issues RFID Guidelines. 7

CA – Quebec Privacy Commissioner Publishes Analysis of RFID Technology. 7

CA – Ontario Public Library System, Provincial Agency Trying Out RFID. 8

US – GAO Publishes Report on Information Security: 8

WW –Security Survey: Cyber Security a Growing Problem for Financial Institutions. 8

US – NASCIO Makes the Case for IT Security. 8

CA – Trucking Alliance supports Electronic On-Board Recorders. 8

CA – Vancouver Cops Take a New Look at Public Video Cameras. 9

CA – Customer Complains About Alleged Telus Use of Private Information. 9

SA – Direct Marketing Association: Consumer Privacy Bills Would Hurt Businesses. 9

US – House Panels Hold Privacy Hearings This Week. 9

US – Will a Federal Data Security Breach Legislation Pass this Congressional Session?. 9

 

 


 

CA –Privacy Commissioner Tables Annual Report on Federal Privacy Act

The Privacy Commissioner of Canada (OPC) tabled her 2005-06 Annual Report on the Privacy Act, stating “[c]onsiderably more could be done to protect Canadians’ personal information, especially with respect to information flowing across the border and a federal privacy law that simply isn’t up to standard...” On transborder data flows: “We see the federal strategy as a very positive step toward addressing Canadians’ concerns.” The report also discusses the OPC’s “major audit” of the CBSA and the audit’s 19 recommendations (see next item, below). The Commissioner observed “that, at times, federal departments and agencies incorrectly interpret the Privacy Act in response to calls for disclosures of information in the public interest.” Identity management will be a focal point for next year’s research and policy agenda, and the Office is “planning for a significant increase - close to 50% - in human and financial resources over the next two years.” [Press Release] [Annual report] [Coverage]

 

CA – Privacy Rules Broken at Border, Audit Finds

The Privacy Commissioner of Canada has published a report of her audit of the Canadian Border Services Agency (CBSA), with 19 recommendations (accepted by the CBSA).The Report states that::

§         Information is often disclosed without first obtaining approval from a designated CBSA official. There are also weaknesses in the record keeping associated with disclosures of information.

§         There is no coordinated method of identifying and tracking all flows of its transborder data. The CSBA cannot, with a reasonable degree of certainty, report on how much and how often it shares information with the U.S.

§         The CBSA has not evaluated the effectiveness of the High-Risk Traveller Identification Initiative with the U.S. because the project isn’t yet fully implemented. But without an evaluation, the CBSA will not be able to demonstrate that it has achieved its objective and, accordingly, that the collection and use of vast amounts of personal information about millions of travellers is justified.

§         The CBSA needs to explore ways to improve the quality and control of data it acquires under the Advance Passenger Information/Personal Name Record initiative for accuracy and completeness.

§         More transparency is needed for activities associated with sharing data across borders.

[Source] [Audit Report]

 

CA – Require Photo ID to Vote, MPs Urge Elections Canada

A House of Commons panel that studied possible voter fraud is set to recommend electors be required to produce a government-issued photo ID or two other pieces of government ID before casting ballots in a federal election. The Commons committee will also recommend Elections Canada be instructed to put the date of birth of each elector on the permanent voters list used in polling stations as another safeguard. In addition, MPs on the committee have agreed Elections Canada must place warning signs in all polling stations citing Elections Act offences and the penalties for voter fraud. If Parliament accepts the committee’s recommendations, it would be the first time government photo ID – or even second-tier government identification cards – would be mandatory for a federal election in Canada. [Source]

 

US – Site Caters To Children With Privacy, Parental Controls

Industrious Kids, a California company, this week unveiled an online club for children ages 8-14. The socializing site requires parents to use a credit card and verify their identity to launch a child’s membership. The information the child posts to their site is accessible only to invited relatives and friends. [Source]

 

EU – Commission Vows Swift Action on US Passenger Data

The European Commission vowed this week to take swift action to safeguard an anti-terrorism measure requiring EU states to supply advance details of passengers heading to U.S. airports. The EU’s executive said it was confident it could come up with an alternative legal basis for delivering the same information by October 1, when the existing accord runs out. [Source] [Europe will share passenger records with US] [MEPs to be snubbed in new EU-US air data deal] [MEPs to be sidelined in airline data deal] [Commission fails to fix passenger data debacle]

 

UK – Government Launches New Data Retention Consultation

The UK government has launched a consultation on codes of practice covering the implementation of its controversial communications surveillance laws. The Regulation of Investigatory Powers Act’s Chapter II of Part I gives a broad swathe of public authorities powers to demand access to citizens’ communications data, such as who they called or e-mailed, and when. Part III of the act gives the police powers to demand encryption keys from individuals and businesses. The legislation has been deeply controversial. Alongside the concerns of privacy campaigners, internet service providers have raised fears that the extra costs of storing huge amounts of data on users’ communications to comply with the Chapter II requirements could drive them out of business. Security specialists have warned that Part III poses major practical difficulties for banks and other businesses that use encrypted communications, particularly where temporary session keys are used to transmit data. The Home Office has published draft codes of practice for both sections of the act and opened a 12-week consultation period. [Source]

 

US – Ohio University Alums, Donors Weigh in on Data Breaches

Ohio University (OU) officials are feeling the fallout from a number of recently disclosed data security breaches that exposed personal data, including SSNs of thousands of students and alumni. Many have informed the school they will no longer be making donations, and some have questioned why the school retains alumni SSNs, including those of alumni who have never donated to the university. OU has spent more than US$77,000 to send letters to affected alumni and other donors. Two breaches were publicly disclosed last month; while these were being investigated, evidence of other breaches was uncovered. [Source]

 

CA – Light is Dimming on Open Government: Information Commissioner John Reid

All of the promised reforms to Access to Information and the hype surrounding transparency in government after the Sponsorship Scandal, the 39th general election and a change in government, was all for nothing because there has been no progress to opening up the culture of secrecy in federal politics, says Canada’s Information Commissioner. “Somehow, while we were feeling pretty good about the future of accountability through transparency, it all seems to have fallen apart,” said John Reid, at the University of Alberta’s 2006 Access and Privacy Conference recently. “Or, maybe it was simply hijacked by bureaucrats who saw their culture of secrecy seriously threatened for the first time in decades.” [Source]

 

US – Privacy Language Urged for Bill to Digitize Federal Employee Health Records

Employee groups this week urged a House panel to include in a health information technology bill language to protect the privacy of federal employees who would be covered under the bill. The bill, H.R. 4859, is currently under consideration in the House Subcommittee. The measure would require participating health plans and providers to collect claims and services data into e-health records by 2008. It also would authorize funding from a federal health IT trust to provide incentives to contracted providers. [Source]

 

US – Health Diamonds in the (Pandemic) Data

At this moment, public health officials are poring over terabytes of health care data to detect the first signs of a possible pandemic flu outbreak, bioterrorism attack or other contagion. The Centers for Disease Control and Prevention began a biosurveillance program in 2003, but advances in information exchange standards and concerns about pandemic flu have accelerated its national implementation. The federal initiative, called BioSense, analyzes existing health care records, such as diagnoses, laboratory test results, physician visits and hospitalizations. The results help public health officials discover where an event is occurring and decide when to intervene with vaccines or quarantines. The CDC works with regional hospital systems to create secure connections between their health care databases and the federal database. The data does not contain patient names, medical numbers or personal identifiers. [Source]

 

US – AIG Laptop & File Server with Data on 970,000 Stolen

Insurance giant American International Group (AIG) said that it has lost personal identifying information on about 970,000 consumers through a burglary at an undisclosed office in the Midwest. The insurer said the break-in occurred March 31 and that it alerted police to the loss of a laptop computer and a file server with insurance applicants’ personal records. But the company acknowledged that it has not yet alerted consumers about their possible vulnerability to identity thieves. AIG said it plans to mail out advisories to the affected consumers by the end of this week. [Source]

 

US – ING Laptop With 13,000 DC City Employee Data Stolen

A laptop containing personal data – including SSNs – of 13,000 District workers and retirees was stolen this week from the Southeast Washington home of an employee of ING U.S. Financial Services, the company said. ING, which administers the District’s retirement plan, known as DCPlus, is mailing a letter to all affected account holders to alert them to the risk of someone using the information to commit identity theft. The company is also telling customers that it will set up and pay for a year of credit monitoring and identity fraud protection. [Source] [Source]

 

UK – Equifax Says Laptop with Employee Data was Stolen

Equifax said this week that a laptop computer containing employee names and Social Security numbers was stolen from a worker traveling on a train near London. The May 29 theft affects nearly all of the Atlanta-based company’s nearly 2,500 US employees. [Source]

 

AU – Report: Australian SmartCard Must Not Become ID Card

New laws may be needed to stop the federal government’s SmartCard from becoming a de facto national identity card, a report suggests. A government-appointed taskforce has released its first discussion paper on the $1.1 billion project to replace cards for Medicare and more than a dozen other services with a single swipe card. The report says the government faces major privacy, security and administrative challenges in getting the project running. Taskforce chairman Allan Fels, a former consumer watchdog chief, said he acknowledged there was widespread community concern about the smartcard turning into a national identity card. Professor Fels said overcoming that concern would involve giving consumers as much control over the cards as possible. One option could be legislating to stop other sectors demanding the card as identification. [Source] [Source] [Source] [Warning on ID card by stealth] [Privacy fears linger over smartcard]

 

UK – ‘Rushed’ ID Card Scheme is a Missed Opportunity, IT Suppliers Warn MPs

The U.K. government has come under attack from IT suppliers and academics over the way it is managing the £5.8m national identity card program. IT suppliers association Intellect, Microsoft and academic specialists said the Home Office had rushed ahead with the scheme without sufficient consultation with industry. The result, they said, was an ID card program that lacked clear objectives and a clear business case, and represented a missed opportunity for implementing joined-up services across government. Their comments, made to MPs last month, were all the more extraordinary given that suppliers rarely cause ripples when government contracts worth millions of pounds are at stake. The views, recorded in transcripts of evidence published by the committee, portrayed the ID card program as a solution looking for a problem. The organizations questioned talked about a “silo mentality” in the Home Office, and complained that the program lacked detailed specifications and outcomes - a combination that could potentially put the project at increased risk of failure. [Source] [Survey: Most Oppose ID cards]

 

CA – B.C. and Washington State Call to Delay Passport Requirement

The British Columbia and Washington state governments have joined together in a joint letter to the President of the U.S. and the Prime Minister of Canada to call for a delay to the proposed passport requirements for re-entry into the U.S.. The letter was signed by Premier Campbell and Governor Gregoire at the first ever high-level dialogue between the two jurisdictions, held in Vancouver, to address shared security issues and to improve cross-border relations. “We all want to ensure our border is secure from the threats of terrorism, but there is no proof that requiring passports is going to improve border security,” said Campbell. “We believe there are more effective ways to ensure security and we’re inviting both federal governments to work with us to pursue those options.” [Source]

 

EU – Cross-National Testing of Electronic Passports at ‘Global Summit

Experts from 38 countries participated in a cross-national testing of electronic passports at the Global Interoperability Test Summit on Electronic Passports, held in Berlin, Germany this June. The event attracted 450 participants and most of the key players behind the development of state-of-the-art citizen ID programmes: government representatives, border control and law enforcement authorities, ePassport developers and producers, supporting organisations, integrators, state printers, as well as technology vendors and experts. In a major ‘interoperability’ test, organised as part of the event, over 400 electronic passports, from a wide range of countries, were tested on 50 reading devices from different producers. This unique opportunity made it possible to test the interoperability and compatibility of ePassports and reading devices. A significant part of the event was devoted to an exchange of information on the use of biometrics in electronic documents at an international level. “The higher degree of fraud resistance provided by the integration of biometric and cryptographic security characteristics is a great step forward,” stressed the Under-secretary of State in the German Ministry of the Interior, in his opening address. He noted, however, that the issue of preventing document misuse through involuntary reading of the information contained in the document needed to be addressed at an international level. [Source]

 

US – Coalition Urges Strong International Privacy Rules

A coalition of privacy groups has urged the U.S. Department of Commerce to strengthen privacy rules to protect personal data being transferred between and out of APEC. The privacy groups emphasized the need for binding laws to protect privacy, given the often-weak enforcement of self-regulatory industry schemes. The privacy groups jointly commenting on the plan included Consumer Federation of America, EPIC, the National Consumers League, Privacy Rights Clearinghouse, Privacy Times, U.S. Public Interest Research Group, and the World Privacy Forum. [Coalition comments]

 

US – Myspace.Com Sued For Failing to Protect Minors

A 14-year-old Texas girl who said she was sexually assaulted by a man she met on MySpace.com sued the popular social networking site Monday for $30 million, claiming that it fails to protect minors from adult sexual predators. The lawsuit claims that the Web site does not require users to verify their age and calls the security measures aimed at preventing strangers from contacting users younger than 16 “utterly ineffective.” [Source]

 

CA – Lawyer: Change Law to Keep Names of Accused Private

The lawyer representing a Newfoundland man found not guilty on two sex-related charges wants laws changed to protect the identity of people accused of such offences. Keith McGrath, 49, was found not guilty in St. John’s provincial court on charges of sexual assault and being a party to sexual assault. The lawyer said even though his client was found not guilty, his reputation is ruined. [Source]

 

US – Police to Receive Student Data for Checks Against Offender List

Virginia’s public and private colleges and universities soon will be required to submit the names and SSNs of tens of thousands of students they accept each year to state police for cross-checking against sexual offender registries. The little-noticed but groundbreaking law is raising concerns among privacy experts about giving police access to a vast new database of student information. They say the data could be stored permanently on hard drives and mishandled, stolen or used for unrelated homeland security or law enforcement purposes. [Source]

 

AU – Australia Government Security ‘insufficient’: Auditor-General

Computer systems controlling Australia’s imports and exports, nuclear safety and the federal police are to internet attacks, a damning Auditor-General’s report has found. Five years after it found federal agencies had failed to comply with Government’s own computer security rules - putting critical data and systems at risk - the Australian National Audit Office (ANAO) says little has changed. “For the six agencies audited, the ANAO concluded that the current level of internet security was insufficient, given the risks and problems identified through the audit findings” the report says. [Source]

 

CA – Rogers, IBM Introduce Encryption e-Mail Service

Richard Branston, General Manager of Security Solutions at IBM Canada, notes that stealing information via the Internet has become big business for cybercriminals. For $8.95 monthly, Rogers Secure Mail encrypts information sent between a sender and the recipient. The service, hosted by IBM Canada, will allow registered users to view an encrypted email by entering their password. Those who are not subscribers can view an encrypted email after they provide an answer to a secret question known only to the sender and recipient. [Source] [Background]

 

US – Federal Breaches Spark Security Review Push

The massive data breach disclosed last month by the U.S. Department of Veterans Affairs has triggered sweeping reviews of information security policies at the VA and at several other government agencies that recently suffered smaller data losses. And last week, officials at the Government Accountability Office and the White House Office of Management and Budget (OMB) said that federal agencies as a whole need to review their processes for collecting and storing data and controlling access to it. [Source] [Latest Information on the Theft from Veterans Affairs]

 

US – Tech Giants Lobby Congress for Consumer Privacy Law

A group of high-profile companies announced that they would support in principle the creation of a national consumer privacy law that governs how companies treat the information they collect from consumers. Eastman Kodak, eBay, Eli Lilly, Google, Hewlitt and Associates, Hewlett Packard, Intel, Microsoft, Oracle, Procter & Gamble, Sun Microsystems and Symantec all signed onto a statement that calls for a process intended to lead to the enactment of a robust but flexible legal framework that protects consumers while allowing for the appropriate use of information. [Consumer Privacy Legislative Forum Statement], [Coverage]

 

US – Sen. Hillary Clinton Says White House Needs Privacy Czar

Sen. Clinton chided the Bush administration for its privacy lapses and called on the White House to appoint a privacy czar. Citing recent incidents that jeopardized the privacy of Americans, including the Department of Veterans’ Affairs security breach that exposed the personal information of 1.5 million veterans, Clinton warned in a policy speech against the “false choice” of safeguarding privacy rights or protecting the nation from terrorism. She also took aim at the NSA’s wiretapping activities, cautioning against “unchecked mass surveillance without judicial review.” [Source]

 

US – Sen. Hillary Clinton Calls for Privacy Legislation to Protect Americans’ Information

During her most recent policy speech, Sen. Hillary Rodham Clinton Friday called for a “privacy bill of rights” to protect Americans’ personal privacy. Noting her experience as the former First Lady whose tenure included numerous investigations and personal hardships, Clinton called herself an “expert” in the loss of privacy as she advocated for legislation to inform consumers what information companies are collecting and using. Clinton said the bill should contain penalties for companies that are careless with consumer data. [Source]

 

CA – Ontario Privacy Commissioner Issues RFID Guidelines

Dr. Ann Cavoukian, Information and Privacy Commissioner of Ontario, has issued a 5-page report with EPCglobal Canada, the industry organization responsible for creating RFID standards in Canada. The guidelines recommend that companies obtain consent from individuals before collecting personal information using RFID technology. Cavoukian noted that RFID use is limited now to tracking cases and pallets of goods, not individual products. She said her goal was to introduce the privacy protection measures before the progression toward item-level tracking. [Source] [Guidelines] [Practical Tips] [Coverage] [Coverage] [Canada’s New RFID Privacy Rules Could Have the Wrong Effect]

 

CA – Quebec Privacy Commissioner Publishes Analysis of RFID Technology

Extraitt : La technologie RFID est en pleine émergence et plusieurs applications dans différents domaines d’activités sont actuellement en voie d’essai ou d’implantation, notamment dans le domaine commercial, de la santé, du transport et autres secteurs de la vie quotidienne. Cette technologie suscite un intérêt marqué par l’industrie tant du point de vue de l’efficacité opérationnelle que de la réduction des coûts d’exploitation. Toutefois, les utilisations que permettrait cette technologie puissante et révolutionnaire ont des répercussions sur les individus. Plus particulièrement, elle conduit à une préoccupation en regard de la protection des renseignements personnels et de la vie privée puisqu’elle permettrait, notamment, la filature d’un individu à son insu. [Source] [CAI Paper: “Radiofrequency identification technology (RFID): is there reason to mistrust it?”]

 

CA – Ontario Public Library System, Provincial Agency Trying Out RFID

The Toronto Public Library system has implemented a pilot project to place radio frequency identification tags on books in two of its libraries and set up self-checkout kiosks. Currently, about 70–80% of users take advantage of the self checkout capability. The Ontario Financial Services Commission’s Motor Vehicle Accident Claims Fund (MVACF) has also implemented an RFID File Tracking System. The ministry has some 65,000 paper files on cases, about 6,500 of which are currently at its offices. Under the old chit file tracking system, files would easily get misplaced or misfiled and clerks would sometimes spend a day-and-a-half looking for them. Now, staff can find a file with the touch of a button. [Source]

                                                                                                        

US – GAO Publishes Report on Information Security:

The U.S. GAO has published a report entitled “Information Security: Leadership Needed to Address Weaknesses and Privacy Issues at Veterans Affairs” GAO-06-897T, June 20. [Source] [Highlights]

 

WW –Security Survey: Cyber Security a Growing Problem for Financial Institutions

Just about every Canadian finanical institution in a survey has experienced a security breach, say financial analysts at Deloitte Touche Tohmatsu. In the market-analysis company’s annual global study of the state of security in the financial sector, 100% of Canadian institutions surveyed confirmed they had been experienced such a breach. The financial sector is experiencing a surge in the number of security attacks, specifically from external sources. More than three-quarters (7%, up from 26% in 2005) of respondents confirmed a breach from outside the organization and almost half (49%, up from 35%in 2005) experienced at least one internal breach. Other results:

95% (of participants) have increased their information security budgets since last year

72% experiencing a breach estimate that it cost their organization greater than US$1 million

71% indicate that they now have a defined information security governance structure in place

 [Source] [Deloitte Survey]

 

US – NASCIO Makes the Case for IT Security

The US National Association of State Chief Information Officers (NASCIO) has released a brief on making the business case for sustainable IT security funding. NASCIO, which represents US state government CIOs, argues that the threats to state IT systems and the sensitive information within them seem to multiply and evolve as quickly as the technology itself develops. To keep pace with the proliferation of current and future IT security threats, state CIOs must clearly articulate the need for ongoing investment in IT security. Suggestion: privacy can help. [Source]

 

CA – Trucking Alliance supports Electronic On-Board Recorders

The Canadian Trucking Alliance supports Electronic On-board Recorders (EOBRs) -- often referred to as black boxes. The carrier association firmed up that policy decision more than two years ago, and is waiting for Transport Canada and the U.S. DOT to create the framework for eventual rulemaking for the devices. The technology is not yet ready to be deployed on a large scale, with several issues remaining unresolved, such as driver privacy, flexibility, ownership of the data, and others. [Source]

 

CA – Vancouver Cops Take a New Look at Public Video Cameras

Vancouver police are once again taking a serious look at installing video cameras on city streets. The Vancouver police board has given the department the go-ahead to put together a detailed plan on close-circuit TV surveillance in certain areas of the city, including the entertainment districts. [Source] [TransLink’s crime cameras await fix] [Upgrade for SkyTrain cams]

 

CA – Customer Complains About Alleged Telus Use of Private Information

Telus customers are trying to put the phone company on the hotseat over what they claim is an invasion of privacy. One says he was horrified to discover that a third party firm retained by Telus to do customer contact work has access to all his old phone bills. [Source]

 

SA – Direct Marketing Association: Consumer Privacy Bills Would Hurt Businesses

The South African Protection of Personal Information Bill and the new Consumer Protection Bill would significantly change the ability of financial services, retail industries, call centers and list brokers to use customer databases to cultivate new business, according to the Direct marketing Association of South Africa (DMA). The key issue is individual consent for the inclusion of information stored on a database used for marketing purposes. The DMA prefers an opt-out system through a national “Do Not Contact” list. [Source]

 

US – House Panels Hold Privacy Hearings This Week

House Subcommittees held hearings this week on the topic: “Internet Data Brokers and Pretexting: Who has Access to Your Private Records?” Law enforcement agencies have accessed private telephone records from data brokers, most often without warrants and without paying for the information. One committee head, said an investigation into how data brokers gather the private information of consumers revealed that federal and local authorities have tapped data brokers for information “because it is easily obtained and you can gather a lot of information very quickly.” [Source]

 

US – Will a Federal Data Security Breach Legislation Pass this Congressional Session?

According to DM News, the question of whether data security breach legislation will pass this year was debated at the 2006 DM Days New York Conference & Expo. The fact there were so many data security breach bills introduced and passed in states this year strongly suggests that a federal bill will likely follow. There were 168 data security breach bills introduced in 39 states this year following a California data breach law that says marketers must notify customers of security breaches that may have resulted in the unauthorized release of their computerized and unencrypted personal and financial information. 19 of these bills have been enacted and 14 are pending. Also, 38 bills in 12 states have been introduced that go beyond the California bill and expand the definition to go beyond computer records to include additional types of information and records such as paper records. 11 of these bills have been enacted and 12 are pending. [Source]

 

 

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